Kuzana ibicuruzwa muriAmerikaigenzurwa cyane na gasutamo yo muri Amerika no kurinda imipaka (CBP). Iki kigo cya leta gishinzwe kugenzura no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, gukusanya imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’Amerika. Gusobanukirwa inzira y'ibanze yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi n'abinjira mu mahanga kurangiza ubu buryo bw'ingenzi neza.
1. Inyandiko-Mbere yo Kugera
Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera muri Amerika, uwatumije ibicuruzwa agomba gutegura no gutanga ibyangombwa bikenewe muri CBP. Ibi birimo:
- Umushinga w'itegeko (ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja) cyangwa Air Waybill (ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere): Inyandiko yatanzwe nuwitwaye yemeza ko yakiriye ibicuruzwa byoherejwe.
- Inyemezabuguzi yubucuruzi: Inyemezabuguzi irambuye kuva ku ugurisha kugeza ku muguzi urutonde rwibicuruzwa, agaciro kabo nuburyo bwo kugurisha.
- Urutonde rwo gupakira: Inyandiko isobanura ibirimo, ibipimo n'uburemere bwa buri paki.
- Kugaragara Kugera (Ifishi ya CBP 7533): Ifishi ikoreshwa mugutangaza ko imizigo ihageze.
- Kuzana ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga (ISF): Bizwi kandi ku itegeko rya “10 + 2”, bisaba ko abatumiza mu mahanga kohereza ibintu 10 muri CBP byibuze amasaha 24 mbere yuko imizigo ishyirwa mu bwato bwerekeza muri Amerika.
2. Kwiyandikisha no Kwinjira
Iyo ugeze ku cyambu cyo muri Amerika cyinjira, uwatumije mu mahanga cyangwa umukoresha wa gasutamo agomba gutanga ibyifuzo byinjira muri CBP. Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga:
- Incamake yinjira (Ifishi ya CBP 7501): Iyi fomu itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, harimo ibyiciro, agaciro, n'igihugu bakomokamo.
- Ingwate ya gasutamo: Icyemezo cy’amafaranga ko uwatumije mu mahanga azubahiriza amabwiriza yose ya gasutamo kandi akishyura imisoro, imisoro, n'amahoro.
3. Igenzura ryibanze
Abakozi ba CBP bakora igenzura ryambere, gusuzuma inyandiko no gusuzuma ingaruka zijyanye no koherezwa. Iri genzura ryambere rifasha kumenya niba ibyoherejwe bisaba ko hakorwa ubundi bugenzuzi. Igenzura ryambere rishobora kubamo:
- Gusubiramo inyandiko: Kugenzura niba inyandiko zatanzwe ari ukuri kandi zuzuye. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: mu masaha 24)
- Automatic Targeting Sisitemu (ATS): Koresha algorithms igezweho kugirango umenye imizigo ishobora guteza ibyago ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye.
4. Igenzura rya kabiri
Niba hari ibibazo bivutse mugihe cyigenzura ryambere, cyangwa niba hatoranijwe igenzura ryibicuruzwa, hazakorwa ubugenzuzi bwa kabiri. Muri iri genzura rirambuye, abayobozi ba CBP barashobora:
- Kugenzura Kutinjira (NII): Gukoresha imashini za X-ray, ibyuma bifata imirasire cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusikana kugenzura ibicuruzwa utabifunguye. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: mu masaha 48)
- Kugenzura ku mubiri: Fungura kandi ugenzure ibiriherejwe. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: iminsi irenga 3-5 y'akazi)
- Kugenzura Intoki (MET): Ubu ni bwo buryo bukomeye bwo kugenzura ibyoherezwa muri Amerika. Ibikoresho byose bizajyanwa ahantu hagenwe na gasutamo. Ibicuruzwa byose biri muri kontineri bizakingurwa kandi bigenzurwe umwe umwe. Niba hari ibintu biteye amakenga, abakozi ba gasutamo bazamenyeshwa gukora igenzura ry'icyitegererezo ku bicuruzwa. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo kugenzura butwara igihe kinini, kandi igihe cyo kugenzura kizakomeza kwiyongera ukurikije ikibazo. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: iminsi 7-15)
5. Gusuzuma imisoro no kwishyura
Abakozi ba CBP basuzuma imisoro ikoreshwa, imisoro, n'amafaranga ashingiye ku byiciro byoherejwe n'agaciro. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kwishyura aya mafaranga mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bisohoka. Umubare w'amahoro uterwa n'impamvu zikurikira:
- Gahunda yo Guhuza Ibiciro (HTS) Itondekanya: Icyiciro cyihariye ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mubikorwa.
- Igihugu cyaturutse: Igihugu ibicuruzwa bikorerwamo cyangwa bikorerwa.
- Amasezerano yubucuruzi: Amasezerano yose yubucuruzi akoreshwa ashobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibiciro.
6. Tangaza kandi utange
Igenzura rimaze kurangira no kwishyura imisoro, CBP irekura ibyoherejwe muri Amerika. Iyo uwatumije mu mahanga cyangwa umukoresha wa gasutamo yakiriye integuza yo kurekura, ibicuruzwa birashobora kujyanwa aho bijya.
7. Kwinjira nyuma yinyandiko
CBP idahwema gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza yatumijwe muri Amerika. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kubika inyandiko zuzuye z'ibyakozwe kandi bashobora gukorerwa ubugenzuzi. Kudakurikiza amategeko bishobora kuvamo ibihano, ihazabu cyangwa gufatira ibicuruzwa.
Igenzura rya gasutamo muri Amerika ni igice cyingenzi mu kugenzura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Amerika. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo yo muri Amerika bituma inzira zinjira mu mahanga zoroha kandi neza, bityo bikorohereza ibicuruzwa byemewe muri Amerika.
Urashobora gushaka kumenya:
Amafaranga asanzwe kuri serivisi yo gutanga inzu kumuryango muri Amerika
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-20-2024
