Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo kohereza ku nzu n'inzu?
Usibye amagambo yo kohereza bisanzwe nka EXW na FOB,inzu ku nzukohereza nabyo ni amahitamo azwi kubakiriya ba Senghor Logistics. Muri byo, inzu ku nzu igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu: DDU, DDP, na DAP. Amagambo atandukanye nayo agabanya inshingano zamashyaka muburyo butandukanye.
Amagambo ya DDU (Yatanzweho Umusoro Utishyuwe):
Ibisobanuro n'inshingano z'inshingano:Amagambo ya DDU asobanura ko ugurisha ageza ibicuruzwa kubaguzi aho yagenewe atanyuze muburyo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa gupakurura ibicuruzwa mu modoka yabitanze, ni ukuvuga ko ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Muri serivisi yo kohereza ku nzu n'inzu, umugurisha agomba kwikorera ibicuruzwa n’ingaruka zo kohereza ibicuruzwa aho byagenewe igihugu gitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko imisoro ku bicuruzwa n’indi misoro igomba kwishyurwa n’umuguzi.
Kurugero, mugihe uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoronike rwohereza ibicuruzwa kubakiriya muriAmerika, iyo amasezerano ya DDU yemejwe, uruganda rwabashinwa rufite inshingano zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nyanja ahantu byagenwe n’umukiriya w’umunyamerika (uruganda rw’Abashinwa rushobora guha uwashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa kuyobora). Nyamara, umukiriya wumunyamerika akeneye kunyura muburyo bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kwishyura imisoro ku bicuruzwa wenyine.
Itandukaniro na DDP:Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri mu ishyaka rishinzwe gutumiza gasutamo n’ibiciro. Muri DDU, umuguzi ashinzwe gutumiza gasutamo no kwishyura imisoro, mugihe muri DDP, umugurisha afite izo nshingano. Ibi bituma DDU ikwiranye mugihe abaguzi bamwe bashaka kugenzura inzira yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ubwabo cyangwa bafite ibisabwa byihariye bya gasutamo. Gutanga Express birashobora kandi gufatwa nka serivisi ya DDU kurwego runaka, hamwe nabakiriya bohereza ibicuruzwa kuriubwikorezi bwo mu kirere or ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanjahitamo serivisi ya DDU.
DDP (Yatanzweho Umusoro Wishyuwe) Amagambo:
Ibisobanuro n'inshingano z'inshingano:DDP isobanura Gutanga Umusoro Wishyuwe. Iri jambo rivuga ko ugurisha afite inshingano zikomeye kandi agomba kugeza ibicuruzwa aho abaguzi biherereye (nk'umuguzi cyangwa uruganda rutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa ububiko) kandi akishyura amafaranga yose, harimo imisoro n'amahoro. Umugurisha ashinzwe ibiciro byose hamwe ningaruka zo gutwara ibicuruzwa aho abaguzi biherereye, harimo amahoro yoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, imisoro n’amahoro. Umuguzi afite inshingano nkeya kuko bakeneye gusa kwakira ibicuruzwa aho bumvikanye.
Kurugero, abashinwa batanga ibinyabiziga bitanga ubwato kuri aUKisosiyete itumiza mu mahanga. Iyo ukoresheje amagambo ya DDP, utanga ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ashinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu ruganda rw’Ubushinwa mu bubiko bw’abatumiza mu Bwongereza, harimo kwishyura imisoro yatumijwe mu Bwongereza no kuzuza inzira zose zitumizwa mu mahanga. (Abatumiza mu mahanga n'abasohoka mu mahanga barashobora guha abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa kurangiza.)
DDP ni ingirakamaro cyane kubaguzi bakunda uburambe bwubusa kuko batagomba gukorana na gasutamo cyangwa amafaranga yinyongera. Nyamara, abagurisha bagomba kumenya amabwiriza yatumijwe mu mahanga n’amafaranga mu gihugu cy’abaguzi kugirango birinde amafaranga atunguranye.
DAP (Yatanzwe ahabigenewe):
Ibisobanuro n'inshingano z'inshingano:DAP isobanura “Yatanzwe Ahantu.” Muri iki gihembwe, umugurisha ashinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa ahantu hagenwe, kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa biboneka kugirango bipakururwe n’umuguzi aho byagenwe (nkumuryango wububiko bwabigenewe). Ariko umuguzi ashinzwe imisoro n’imisoro. Umugurisha agomba guteganya ubwikorezi aho bwumvikanyweho kandi akishyura ibiciro byose hamwe ningaruka zose kugeza ibicuruzwa bigeze aho hantu. Umuguzi ashinzwe kwishyura imisoro iyo ari yo yose yatumijwe mu mahanga, imisoro, n’amafaranga yo gutumiza gasutamo iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze.
Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze asinya amasezerano DAP hamwe naUmunyakanadaabatumiza mu mahanga. Noneho ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bigomba kuba bifite inshingano zo kohereza ibikoresho mu ruganda rw’Abashinwa mu nyanja kugera mu bubiko bwagenwe n’umunyakanada utumiza mu mahanga.
DAP ni inzira yo hagati hagati ya DDU na DDP. Iyemerera abagurisha gucunga ibikoresho byo gutanga mugihe baha abaguzi kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ubucuruzi bwifuza kugenzura ibiciro bitumizwa mu mahanga akenshi bikunda iri jambo.
Inshingano yo gukuraho gasutamo:Umugurisha ashinzwe ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na gasutamo, kandi umuguzi ashinzwe ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibi bivuze ko iyo byoherejwe ku cyambu cy'Ubushinwa, ibyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bigomba kunyura mu nzira zose zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze; kandi iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze ku cyambu cya Kanada, uwatumije mu mahanga ashinzwe kuzuza uburyo bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, nko kwishyura imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga no kubona impushya zo gutumiza mu mahanga.
Amagambo atatu yavuzwe hejuru yinzu ku nzu arashobora gukemurwa nabashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa, ari nacyo kamaro ko kohereza ibicuruzwa:gufasha abatumiza mu mahanga n'abasohoka mu mahanga kugabana inshingano zabo no kugeza ibicuruzwa aho bijya ku gihe kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024
